Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Proceedings: A Study of Major Global Experiences

Abstract

This research examines the role of artificial intelligence in the development of criminal justice systems, focusing on its applications in criminal investigations, evidence collection, data analysis, and judicial decision-making. The study aims to assess the extent to which artificial intelligence enhances the efficiency, accuracy, and speed of criminal proceedings, while also identifying the legal and ethical challenges associated with its use, particularly algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, and the issue of legal liability for AI-generated decisions.

The research also explores key global experiences in the use of artificial intelligence in criminal trials, particularly in the United States, the European Union, and China. These jurisdictions have implemented AI systems for predictive analysis, evidence evaluation, risk assessment, and judicial decision support. In some cases, AI-powered virtual judges have been used in resolving minor legal disputes, reflecting the growing integration of AI into judicial systems.

The study adopts a comparative analytical approach to examine different legal frameworks and applications of artificial intelligence across jurisdictions. It also employs a descriptive and critical legal methodology to evaluate the regulatory and ethical implications of AI integration in criminal justice.

The research concludes that artificial intelligence represents a transformative tool capable of improving judicial efficiency, enhancing objectivity, and supporting judicial decision-making. However, its successful implementation requires a clear legal and regulatory framework that ensures transparency, accountability, and protection of fundamental rights. AI should serve as a supportive tool rather than a substitute for human judges, preserving the human dimension of justice and ensuring fair trial guarantees.