قضية العقبة عام 1906 من خلال وثائق أرشيفية ومصادر عثمانية
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59759/art.v2i1.130الكلمات المفتاحية:
مسألة العقبة، الدولة العثمانية، بريطانيا الاستعمارية، مصر الخديويةالملخص
تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوعًا تاريخيًّا مهمًّا تمثَّل في مسألة العقبة عام 1906م، في إشارة إلى النزاع الحدودي بين الدولة العثمانية وبريطانيا الاستعمارية ومصر الخديوية. وكذلك عُرِفت هذه المسألة في المصادر التاريخية بحادثة طابا، أو بالنزاع الحدودي حول شبه جزيرة سيناء، وعُرِفت أيضًا بالنزاع الحدودي المصري. وبالرغم من أنَّ مردَّ هذه المسألة أساسًا عدمُ وضوح الحدود بين ولايتي الحجاز العثمانية ومصر الخديوية، فإنَّ الطرف المصري لم يكن مُؤثِّرًا فيها بقدر تأثير كلٍّ من الدولة العثمانية، وبريطانيا الاستعمارية.
المراجع
- The Documents:
Gooch, G. P., And Temperley, H., (N.D), British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898-1914, London, The Academy of politicals science.
Ottoman archive documents related to the border dispute between the Ottoman Empire and Britain over Aqaba.
Public Record Office (PRO), Foreign Office, F.O., (1931), 371/156, 39619, İstanbul.
- Books:
Anderson, M., (1982), The Eastern Question, London, Palgrave Macmillan.
Burns, Elinor,(N.D), British Colonialism in Egypt, translated by Ahmed Rushdi Saleh, Cairo, Twentieth Century Publishing House.
Choucair, Naoum, (2017), A History of Sina and the Arabs, Cairo, Hendawy Foundation.
Cromer, (2015),Modern Egypt, Parts 1 and 2, translated by Sabri Mohamed Hassan, Cairo, The National Center for Translation.
Deringil, Selim, (N.D), “Ghazi Ahmet Muchtar Pascha and the British Occupation in Egypt," New York, Gorgias press.
Grenville J., (1964), Lord Salisbury and Foreign Policy; The Close of the Nineteenth Century, London, Athlone Press.
Hurewitz, J. C, (1975), The Middle East and North Africa in World Politics, New Heaven, University Press.
Hurewitz, J.C., (1957), Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East (1535-1914), VOL.1, New York, Princeton, Van Nostrand company.
Kamel, Mustafa,( 2014),The Eastern Question, Cairo, Hendawy Foundation.
Khalidi, Rashid İsmali, (1980), British Policy towards Syria and Palestine 1906-1914, London, Ithaca Press.
Khalil, Asaad, (2016),Revolution of the Arabs, Cairo, Hendawy Foundation.
Labib, Hussein,( 1921), History of the Eastern Question, Cairo, Al-Hilal Press.
Lowe, C.J, (1965), Salisbury and the Mediterranean (1886-1896), Toronto, university press.
Morder, A., (1940), The Anatomy of British Sea Power: A History of British Naval Policy in the Pre Dread Nought Era, New York,N.P.
Owen, Roger,(2004), Lord Cromer's Imperial and Military Governor, translated by Raouf Abbas, London, Oxford University Press.
Sayyid, A. Lutfi al-, (1969), Egypt and Cromer, Newyork,Frederick A.praeger.
- Turkish References:
Abdülhamid, Sultan, (1973), Siyasi Hatıratım, İstanbul, Harket yayinlari.
Kemal, Mahmut, (1940), Son Sadrazamlar, VOL.3,Istanbul,Maarif Matbaasi.
Kurşun, Zekeriya, (1991), Küçük Mahmut Sait Paşa (Siyasi Hayatı, İcraatı ve Fikirleri) 1838-1914, İstanbul,N.P,.
Pakalin, Mehmet Zeki, (1993), Tarih Deyimleri Sözlüğü, VOL.2., Istanbul, M,E.B.
Paşa, Tahsin, (1931), Abdülhnamid Yıldız Hatıratı, İstanbul,yakin plan yayinlari, facsimile,baski.
Rüştü, Mirliva,(1910), Akabe Meselesi,Istanbul,Matbaa-yi osmaniyae.
Uçarol, Rıfat, (1976), Bir Osmanlı Paşası ve Dönemi Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Paşa, İstanbul,Imilliyet yayinlari.
Translating The Titles of Turkish Books Into English:
Abdülhamid, Sultan, (1973), Political Memoir, Istanbul, Harket Publications.
Kemal, Mahmut, (1940), The Last Grand Viziers, VOL.3, Istanbul, Maarif Press.
Kurşun, Zekeriya, (1991), Küçük Mahmut Sait Pasha (Political Life, Actions and Ideas) 1838-1914, Istanbul, N.P.
Pakalin,, Mehmet Zakie, (1993), Dictionary of History Idioms, VOL.2., Istanbul,M,E.B.
Paşa, Tahsin, (1931), Abdülhnamid Yıldız Memoir, Istanbul, close-up publications, facsimile, print.
Rüştü, Mirliva, (1910), Aqaba Question, Istanbul, Matbaa-yi osmaniyae.
Uçarol, Rıfat, (1976), An Ottoman Pasha and her Period Gazi Ahmet Muhtar Pasha, Istanbul, Imilliyet publications.
– French References:
Debidoru, Ab, (1924), Histoire Diplomatique de l’Europe 1878-1904, Paris,librairie felix algan.
Translate The Title of The Book From French To English:
Debidoru, Ab, (1924), Diplomatic History of Europe 1878-1904, Paris, felixalgan bookstore.
- Periodicals
Biger, Gidion, (1978), “The First Map of Modern Egypt Mohammed Ali’s Firman and the Map of 1841” Middle Eastern Studies, VOL.3,P.323-325.
Deringil, bkz. Selim, (1988),“The Ottoman Response to the Egyptian Crisis of 1881-1882", Middle Eastern Studies, VOL.24, NO.1, P.3-24.
