Political Sciences and Law Series

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Space Missions: Investigating Legal Challenges

Shaikha Al Blooshi, Mohammad Owais Farooqui — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging and impactful technology across different sectors. AI has been particularly significant for improving efficiency and accuracy in operations. One of the areas that AI has had a huge impact is in space exploration. However, the emergence of AI in space exploration has come with difficulties and challenges, particularly in assigning fault in situations where the use of AI systems cause harm. This paper examines the impact of the widespread AI usage in space exploration, analyzing the legal challenges that the use of autonomous AI technologies in space objects may entail, particularly in determination of liability.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Space Exploration, Liability, Legal challenges, Autonomous AI

The role of the apparent situation theory in protecting others dealing with commercial companies

Raed Y. S. Altarawnah — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

The problem of this study came about the statement of what role does the theory of the apparent situation play in protecting third parties dealing with actual commercial companies? The study concluded that the theory of the apparent situation is one of the theories that derive its elements from the confrontation between the reality that violates the law and its rule and the law and its texts on the other hand, and the recognition of the legal personality of the partnership company and the limited partnership as an actual company, in the event of a breach of the registration obligation, enables others to benefit from the solidarity guarantee involved in these companies in application of the text of Article 15 of the Companies Law. Finally, we call for the retention of the text of article 15 of the Companies Law, which governs with joint partners, with its amendment, so that the judge is given discretionary power to rule on nullity or reject it if he deems it justified.

Keywords: apparent situation, third parties, actual company.

Choosable Testimony due to Family Ties Criminal Proceedings According to Jordanian Law “Analytical Study

Omar A. Al-Omari, Qasem M. Alown — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Witness Freedom to Testify in the Criminal Proceedings due to Family Ties

This study aims to examine the issue of the witness’s freedom to testify against his relatives - in the criminal proceedings - regarding the reasoning behind granting this freedom and the effects of such testimony freedom first on the proceedings’ fairness and the victim’s rights.

To achieve this study's aims, in terms of the methodology, both descriptive and analytical approaches were used. It is noteworthy that the examination of this study's questions came to concluding remarks that led to important recommendations. These recommendations may summarize that the concept of relatives covered by the provision of Article 153 of the Criminal Procedure Act should be expanded to include brothers, sisters, and second-degree in-laws relatives; in the same vein, the exceptions of Article 155 of the same act should be reconsidered to be logical considering Article 153 amendment.

Key Words: Closable Testimony, Testimony, Family Ties, Criminal Proceedings.

Judicial Detention and Its Alternatives: A Legal Study and Analysis of the Impact of Arbitrary Detention and Methods of Claiming Compensation

Marah M. Radaideh, Diana M. Al-Quraan — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0100

Abstract

Detention is one of the legal measures taken by competent authorities to ensure justice and prevent threats to public security. In recent years, alternatives to detention have emerged, aiming to strike a balance between protecting society and safeguarding individual rights, as these alternatives mitigate the harm caused by imprisonment under legally defined conditions. However, detention remains prevalent, and in some cases, decisions to detain may be issued arbitrarily. This has sparked the need to study the concept of detention and its alternatives, followed by an examination of the topic of compensation for arbitrary detention as a mechanism to protect affected individuals Compensation reflects the state’s commitment to correcting wrongful practices and ensuring their non-recurrence by enhancing oversight and accountability in judicial procedures. Protecting individuals from the severe harm caused by unjustified arbitrary detention is not merely a legal obligation but also a moral responsibility that reinforces the values of social justice and upholds the principle of equality before the law.

Among the most important recommendations made by the researchers are application of detention alternatives for felony cases in instances of non-repetition and within specific guidelines, as well as the necessity of including a clear legal provision to compensate those affected in cases where gross errors are proven as a result of arbitrary detention, with mechanisms for determining the compensation.

Keywords: Judicial detention, alternatives to detention, compensation, victims of criminal justice, human rights