The Strategy of Portraying Iran as the Arabs' Phantom Enemy in U.S. Foreign Policy

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to discuss the strategic benefits the United States has derived and continues to derive from promoting the " imaginary enemy" narrative, using Iran as a case study. It also explored the perspectives of Arab policymakers and diplomats on how the U.S. strategy of portraying Iran as the Arabs’ phantom enemy affects the diplomatic relations between the Arab countries and Iran.

Methodology: This qualitative study draws on studies from the Al Jazeera Center for Studies, The Washington Post, and The Guardian. Textual analysis was used as the primary data collection tool, while Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic approach was employed for data interpretation.

Findings: The United States has strengthened its military relations with Gulf States through arms sales, military cooperation, and support for anti-Iranian groups in Syria and Iraq. It has employed economic sanctions to isolate Iran and dissuade other countries from engaging with it politically and economically. Iran's growing influence in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen has increased Gulf States' concerns, while some countries such as Jordan and Egypt emphasize the importance of diplomacy to de-escalate tensions with Iran.

Recommendations: Arab countries should prioritize their own national interests rather than aligning uncritically with U.S. policies, particularly concerning Iran and other regional threats such as Israel. Pursuing balanced agreements with Iran based on mutual respect could enhance the Arabic regional stability. Additionally, building independent, modern Arab armies and strengthening Arab intelligence services are vital to reduce reliance on foreign weapons and countering Iranian influence and protecting the national security.