Educational and Psychological Sciences Series

The Impact of an Educational Program Using a Flipped Classroom Strategy Supported by Virtual Reality Technology on the Performance Level of Basic Basketball Skills

2026-05-03T12:16:51+02:00

The study aims to investigate the effect of an educational program using the flipped classroom strategy supported by virtual reality technology on the level of performance of basic basketball skills. The study adopted a quasi-experimental approach, as it was appropriate for the nature of the research. The study sample consisted of (40) students from the basketball course at Middle East University. The results showed that the experimental group, which learned using the flipped classroom strategy supported by virtual reality technology, outperformed the control group, in the level of performance of some basic basketball skills in the post-test. This indicates the effectiveness of the model and its impact on learning basic basketball skills. It was also found that the flipped classroom strategy supported by virtual reality technology contributed positively to students’ engagement and their ability to construct knowledge independently through the activities provided, which enhanced their motivation and curiosity to reach concepts, organize and classify them, and perceive the relationships between them through educational images, graphics, and videos. In light of the results and their interpretation, the study recommends the necessity of organizing training courses for teachers and university faculty members on how to design virtual reality-based educational software.

The use of e-learning management systems by faculty members at Mutah University: Reality and difficulties

2026-03-10T14:02:31+02:00

هدفت الدراسة معرفة الواقع والصعوبات لاستخدام أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية بجامعة مؤتة لأنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle)، اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدمت استبانة مكونة من (28) فقرة، وزعت في مجالين، المجال الأول تكون من (15) فقرة والذي يقيس الواقع لاستخدام أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في جامعة مؤتة لأنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle)، المجال الثاني تكون من (13) فقرة يقيس الصعوبات لاستخدام أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في جامعة مؤتة لأنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle)، أشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن الواقع لاستخدام أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في جامعة مؤتة لأنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle)، جاء متوسطًا بمتوسط حسابي (3.48) وانحراف معياري (.7560)، وكما أشارت النتائج إلى أن الصعوبات لاستخدام أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية في جامعة مؤتة لأنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle) كان مرتفعاً بمتوسط حسابي (3.78) وانحراف معياري (0.29)، وبينت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (α=0.05) تعزى لأثر الجنس والكلية والرتبة الأكاديمية للواقع والصعوبات لاستخدام أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية بجامعة مؤتة لأنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle)، في ضوء هذه النتائج، أوصت الدراسة بضرورة تفعيل استخدام أعضاء الهيئة التدريسية لأنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle) في العملية التعليمية وبالأخص في نشر المواد الدراسية، ومتابعة الطلبة، والوظائف، والواجبات، وتهيئة المواد الدراسية ليتناسب تدريسها باستخدام أنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle)، وتنظيم دورات تدريبية لأعضاء الهيئة التدريسية والطلبة لتوظيف واستخدام أنظمة إدارة التعلم الإلكتروني (Moodle) في التعليم.

Suicidal Thoughts and Emotional Balance among Adolescents Students in Irbid Governorate

2026-01-06T11:48:01+02:00

The present study aimed to investigate the level of suicidal thoughts and emotional balance and the relationship between them among adolescent students in Irbid governorate, the sample of the study consisted of (584) male and female students from public and private schools affiliated to the Irbid Qasbah Directorate and the sample was chosen by the available method. The descriptive approach was used for its convenience for the purposes of the study, the results showed a negative statistically significant relationship between suicidal thoughts and emotional balance among adolescent students in Irbid Governorate, The average level of suicidal thoughts was low in the sample, while the average level of emotional balance was high. The results showed that there statistically significant differences due to the effect of the parent's condition in favor of both divorced couples and the death of one of or both. Moreover, the effect of the school type in favor of the private school, there are no statistically significant differences in the level of emotional balance due to the influence of gender and class. In addition, there are statistically significant differences due to the effect of the school type in favor of the public school. And the effect of the parents' condition in favor of married couples in the areas of relaxation, self-control, social control and emotional balance.

The Effect of Sample Size, Test Length, Ability Distribution Shape, and Estimation Method on the Accuracy of Item Parameter Estimation according to the Four-Parameter Item Response Theory

2026-05-13T12:17:19+02:00

This study aimed to investigate the effect of sample size, test length, ability distribution shape, and estimation method on the accuracy of item parameter estimation according to the Four-Parameter Item Response Theory Model (4PLM-IRT). To achieve this, the researchers conducted a simulation study by generating dichotomous responses according to the model, using sample sizes of 750, 1000, 1500, and 2000 individuals, and tests of varying lengths (40, 50, and 60 items). Different ability distribution shapes were assumed, including normality, negative skewness, and positive skewness. Individual abilities were estimated using three methods: Maximum Likelihood, Expected A Posteriori, and Maximum A Posteriori. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) index was used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimation after the generation and estimation processes were repeated 20 times. Applying four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to the RMSE data for the item parameter estimates of difficulty, discrimination, guessing, and Carelessness, the results showed a high and statistically significant effect at (α = 0.05) for each of (sample size, test length, and ability distribution shape) and for the pairwise interactions among them on the accuracy of estimating the parameters of discrimination, guessing, and carelessness, in favor of larger sample sizes (2000 individuals), longer tests (60 items), and the normal distribution of abilities.

The Reality of External Efficiency in Jordanian Universities in Light of Contemporary Trends in Digital Transformation

2026-05-05T11:24:02+02:00

This study aimed to examine the state of external efficiency in Jordanian universities in light of contemporary trends in digital transformation and to identify statistically significant differences attributed to gender, years of experience, and job title variables. The study adopted the descriptive survey approach, and a questionnaire was administered to a sample of academic and administrative leaders in Jordanian universities ranked within the QS classification for the year 2025. The findings revealed that the level of external efficiency was high across all domains, with an overall mean score of (4.00) and a standard deviation of (0.403). Strategic planning and institutional policies ranked first with a mean score of (4.08), whereas the continuity of evaluation and quality assurance ranked last with a mean score of (3.97), while still remaining within the high level. The results of the Three-Way ANOVA analysis also indicated no statistically significant differences attributable to gender and years of experience variables, whereas statistically significant differences were found for the job title variable, with an F-value of (6.488) at a significance level of (α = 0.05) and a medium effect size (η² = 0.103). The study recommended the development of digital performance indicators to measure external efficiency, strengthening evaluation and quality assurance systems, and activating partnerships with labor market sectors to develop academic programs in alignment with the requirements of the digital labor market.

The Effectiveness of Teaching Science Using the P5BL Learning Model in Acquiring Basic Science Process Skills, Problem-Solving Learning among Basic Stage Students

2026-04-13T09:50:04+02:00

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of teaching science using the P5BL learning model (Problem-Project-Process-People-Product) in enhancing basic sience process skills and problem-solving skills among basic stage students. The study sample consisted of 44 sixth-grade female students from Umm Al-sarb Mixed Secondary School, affiliated with the North Western Badia Directorate in Mafraq Governorate, Jordan. The participants were equally assigned to an experimental group and a control group.

To achieve the objectives of the study, two instruments were developed: a test to measure basic science process skills and another to asses problem-solving skills. The validity and reliability of both instruments were established prior to implementation.

The findings revealed statistically significant differences at the significance level (α = 0.05) between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group in both basic sience process skills and problem-solving skills, whether examined individually or collectively. The effect size values (η²) indicated a substantial impact of the P5BL learning model, reaching 51.80% for basic science process skills and 53.20% for problem-solving skills, reflecting a high level of effectiveness in developing these skills among students.

Based on these findings, the study recommends promoting the integration of the P5BL learning model in science instruction and providing teachers with appropriate training programs to support its effective implementation in classroom practices.

The Effect of a Self-Directed Training Program Based on the TPACK Model on Developing 21st-Century Skills among Education Students at Nizwa University and their Attitudes Toward Science Teaching

2026-03-16T11:33:54+02:00

training program based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model on developing 21st-century skills among pre-service teachers at the University of Nizwa, as well as their attitudes toward teaching science. A one-group quasi-experimental design was employed. The sample consisted of 30 female students enrolled in the second teaching specialization (Elementary Science and Mathematics).

To achieve the research objectives, two instruments were developed: a 21st-century skills test and a scale measuring attitudes toward teaching science. Both instruments were validated for face validity and reliability. In addition, a self-directed training program grounded in the TPACK model was designed and implemented with the participants during the first academic semester.

The findings revealed statistically significant differences at the level of ( ) in favor of the post-test scores on the 21st-century skills test, indicating a large effect size for the training program according to Cohen’s . However, no statistically significant differences were found in participants’ attitudes toward teaching science. Based on these results, the research recommended integrating the proposed training program into pre-service teacher preparation programs at the University of Nizwa.

The Effectiveness of a Group-Counseling Program Based on Science of Trust by Gottman to Enrich Marital Trust among a Sample of Newlywed Women

2026-06-22T09:59:11+02:00

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a group-counseling program based on John Gottman’s The Science of Trust in enhancing marital trust among newly married women. The study sample consisted of 16 newly married women who were purposively selected from those who obtained the lowest scores on the Marital Trust Scale. Participants were then randomly assigned to two equivalent groups: an experimental group and a control group, each comprising eight newly married female teachers. To achieve the study objectives, a Marital Trust Scale was developed, and its validity and reliability were established. In addition, an enrichment-based group-counseling program based on John Gottman’s The Science of Trust was designed and implemented. The program consisted of (11) counseling sessions delivered twice weekly, with each session lasting (90) minutes. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups on all dimensions of the Marital Trust Scale, with results favoring the experimental group. Follow-up findings indicated no significant differences between the post-test and follow-up measurements for the experimental group, demonstrating the program’s effectiveness and the sustainability of its impact after completion of the program.

Transformations, Applications, and Ethics of the AI-Supported Counseling Process

2026-05-05T11:16:00+02:00

The twenty-first century is characterized by a growing gap between the need for psychological counseling services and their limited availability, due to a shortage of qualified personnel, high costs, and social stigma. This study, through a narrative literature review of studies and research published between (2022 and 2026), aimed to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on the counseling process in three themes: the transformation of the counseling process, its applications, and ethical considerations. The results revealed that chatbots, large language models, and digital mental health applications are redefining and expanding the scope of counseling practice, but they are accompanied by ethical challenges related to privacy, algorithmic bias, and the authenticity of the counseling relationship. The study concluded that there is a need to develop hybrid counseling models and renewed ethical frameworks that ensure the human presence of the counselor and the empathy and trust they provide in the counseling process.