Arts and Social Sciences Series

The Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Challenges of State-Building in Sudan and the Arab and Regional Positions toward it (1983–2005): A Historical Study

Ali S. Al-Hadithat, Maysoun M. Al-Obeidat — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This study examines the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) as one of the most influential armed movements in the contemporary history of Sudan during the period 1983–2005. Sudan witnessed profound political and military transformations that led to the outbreak of armed conflict between the Sudanese government and the SPLM. This crisis emerged as a result of the collapse of the Addis Ababa Agreement of 1972, the growing sense of marginalization and deprivation in Southern Sudan, and the policies of Jaafar Nimeiri, particularly the division of the South into three regions, which intensified tribal divisions. These developments culminated in a military mutiny led by Colonel John Garang, who broke away to establish the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and its military wing in 1983, advocating the vision of a “New Sudan” founded on citizenship, equality, and social justice.

The study also addresses the evolution of the conflict with successive Sudanese governments and the various attempts at political settlement, including the Koka Dam Declaration and the Mirghani–Garang Agreement, both of which failed to achieve a comprehensive political resolution. Moreover, the continuing security instability contributed to the military coup of 1989 led by Omar al-Bashir, shering Sudan into a new phase of conflict and ideological polarization that persisted until the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in Naivasha in 2005.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on Enhancing the Quality of Digital Media Content in Jordanian Journalism

Ibrahim M. S. Abdullah — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This study aimed to identify the impact of using artificial intelligence programs on improving the quality of digital media content in Jordanian journalism. The study employed a descriptive survey approach, and a questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of (306) journalists working in Jordanian media institutions that rely on digital media platforms. The findings revealed a high level of artificial intelligence usage within Jordanian journalistic institutions and indicated a positive impact on improving the quality of digital media content. AI applications contributed to accelerating content production, reducing errors, enhancing professional performance, and supporting information verification processes. The results also showed positive attitudes among respondents toward the adoption of artificial intelligence applications in digital journalism.

Jordanian Citizens' Awareness of Cybercrimes and its Impact on Prevention: A Survey Study

Atef K. Alsarayreh, Fayez A. Al-Majali — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This study aims to analyze the level of awareness of Jordanian citizens regarding cybercrimes and its impact on the adoption of preventive behaviors.

To achieve its objectives, the study employed a descriptive-analytical approach through a questionnaire administered to a sample of 1,233 citizens from the Jordanian community in Karak Governorate. Data were statistically analyzed using multiple regression.

The findings revealed a high level of awareness and preventive practices among citizens, with basic protective behaviors prevailing over advanced technical measures. The analysis demonstrated a statistically significant effect of cybercrime awareness on prevention, explaining 68.4% of the variance in preventive behavior.

The Media Role in Spreading Hostile Speech and Its Impact on Community Security: Football as a Model

Mostafa Khlifat, Ra'ad Al-Awamleh — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the role of sports media in disseminating hate speech, assess the impact of this role on societal security, determine the level of audience exposure to such content, and identify key professional strategies for mitigating it.

Methodology: The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach. A structured questionnaire was administered to a stratified random sample of (626) participants, including sports journalists, media professionals, and members of the general public from the northern, central, and southern regions of the Kingdom.

Results: The findings revealed a strong consensus that media play a significant role as a primary platform and channel for the dissemination of hate speech (mean = 4.60). However, regression analysis indicated that the explanatory power of this role in predicting threats to societal security was very limited (R² = 0.011), suggesting that underlying social and economic tensions constitute the primary drivers of violence rather than media alone. The results also demonstrated a high level of critical awareness among the audience (mean = 4.38). Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found in respondents’ perceptions of the media’s role based on place of residence (north, central, south). The study also indicated a clear preference for professional and educational solutions (overall mean = 4.81) over punitive measures, which received comparatively lower mean scores.

Conclusion: The study recommends shifting the focus from attributing primary responsibility to the media toward addressing underlying social issues that generate tension. It also advocates moving from punitive regulatory approaches to strengthening journalists’ professional competencies and promoting audience self-regulation.

The Impact of Front Office Staff Emotional Intelligence on Guest Retention: Mediating Role of Guest Satisfaction in Five-star Hotels in Aqaba- The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Zaid M Kattan, Mohammed F. Alazzam, Faisal I. Alkiswani — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This research aims to explore the significant influence that the emotional intelligence (EI) of front office workers has on the retention of guests at five-star hotels in Aqaba City, which is located in Jordan. Within this context, it specifically investigates the function that visitors' satisfaction plays as a mediator in this interaction, drawing on current research published in between the years 2020 and 2025. The study proposes that front office staff members who are emotionally intelligent are more suited to comprehend and manage the guests' emotions, which ultimately results in increased levels of satisfaction among guests, while it is expected that this increased level of satisfaction will, in turn, lead to increased levels of visitor retention in five-star hotels in Aqaba. The study employs a quantitative research methodology with a sample comprising both guests and front office staff. The findings are expected to highlight the vital importance of training front office staff in emotional intelligence skills, as well as underscore the significance of guests' satisfaction as a key factor in building a long-term customer loyalty within the competitive hospitality environment in Aqaba. The findings of this study will also provide valuable insights , that hotel managers, decision-makers and future researchers in the field can leverage to make scientifically grounded decisions.

Temporal Gradation in the Contextual Significance of ‘Night’ in Selected Qur’anic Verses: An Applied Semantic analysis

Nibal N. Nazzal, Saeed J. Abu Khader, Majed S Abdullah — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The study investigates the contextual semantic gradations of the lexical item al-layl (night) in ten selected Qur’anic verses, focusing on its temporal significance when co-occurring with specific linguistic terms. It aims to show how the term denotes distinct phases of the night within the structure of Qur’anic discourse, employing the notion of temporal gradation as a subtype of semantic gradation.

Methodology: The study adopted the descriptive and qualitative methods to examine the contextual meaning of al-layl in the Qur’an, regarded as a representative level of Classical Arabic and a primary source for its study within a defined historical context. A sample of ten verses was selected based on the presence of temporal significance and their suitability to the study criteria. The analysis draws on insights from modern semantics, as well as on sources of Classical Arabic, including traditional linguistic works, early lexicographical compilations, and Qur’anic exegetical resources.

The findings demonstrate that analyzing semantic fields through gradation is both methodologically effective and analytically productive in the study of Qur’anic discourse. Moreover, gradation relations are shown to play a significant role in the derivation of juridical rulings and to contribute meaningfully to the interpretation and reception of Qur’anic meanings.

Recommendations: The study concludes by recommending further research to extend the application of semantic gradation to other lexical fields and to make a greater use of lexicographical data in applied linguistic domains, particularly in language teaching, discourse analysis, and translation studies.

The Algerian Coup in Light of British Documents

Hala M. A. Raaideh, Maysoun M. Al-Obeidat — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This paper examines the Algerian 19/61965 coup based on the British archives analyzing both its political-military and its external-internal triggers within the umbrella of addressing the military sector’s impact in determining the form of political power post-independence.

By adopting a descriptive-historical methodologically analytically following the screening of official British records focusing on intelligence and diplomatic records as well as Arabic and foreign documentation, the study applies historical framework to evaluate coup documentation reliability placing them within the context of their background and politics as production.

In principle, this paper contributes to expanding the historiographical examination of the 1965 coup via the document perceptions of British archives, which pinpoints non-domestic understanding of political evaluation of post-colonial Algerian shifts. Additionally

The paper’s direction adopts a qualitative comparison approach between domestic narratives and the British ones in tracking the history of the military coup to present an objective conception of Algerian political events and its various dynamics

The Semiotics of the Title: Taking the Poetry Collection “Mawaqit al-Ramal” by Muhammad al-Safrani as a Case Study

Ahmed Dawod Abed Khalifeh — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This research is based on an interpretation of the Diwan “Times of the Sands” by the poet Mohammad Al Safrani, being an interpretation that does not stop at the semiotics explicitly appeared in the external title and the internal titles only but rather an ambitious penetration as well to make clear experimental critical reading that will benefit from what modern criticism schools gave rise to in terms of formality,

This research seeks to read the topics, and reveals clearly the relationship of the overall topic with the binaries of the internal texts.. This research opened at a glimpse around semiotics and its pursuit for a new attitude of reading that gives the horizon for the anticipator and the recipient more important roles in understanding the text and revealing its hidden clues and connotations, to pave the way and simplify then the threshold of starting around the setting of a title for the poetic divan.

The French Strategy Toward the American Revolution (1776-1783) An Analytical Study of Motivations, Financial and Military Costs, and its Consequences for Both Sides

Mohammad A. Bani Salameh — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the French strategy during the American War of Independence (1776–1783), with a focus on the political, military, and financial dimensions of France’s intervention. It explores the underlying motivations behind France’s support for the American revolutionaries, which included a desire to undermine the British influence and to compensate for the losses France had suffered in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War (1756-1763). The study also highlights the scale of French investment in the conflict, both militarily—through the deployment of troops, naval forces, and logistical support as well financial through huge loans and grants.

Methodology: The research adopted the analytical historical method which aimed at analyzing primary historical documents and collecting statistical data, which is a necessity to make a comparison between the impact of the French intervention in the American Revolution on War’s outcomes for the Americans and it’s repercussions on France.

Results: The study concluded that the French intervention had contrasting effects on both sides. While this support played a decisive role in the American victory, it also had profound consequences for France. Financial analyses indicate that 62% of France’s national debt in 1788 was directly tied to this war, and that the country allocated approximately 13% of its annual output to support the revolutionaries. This level of expenditure significantly contributed to the worsening economic crisis that paved the way for the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789.

Conclusion: The study showed that France's intervention was a decisive factor in the victory of the American Revolution, and a cause of the outbreak of revolution on its own soil due to that very intervention.

The Lexical and Cultural Significance of Oath Words in Arabic

Salsabel A. Al-Shamayleh, Jaza' M. Al-Masarweh — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This research seeks to uncover the lexical and cultural significance of the words employed by the Arabs in oaths and vows, and to analyze the lexical dimensions of these words by explaining their morphological derivations and the origins of their meanings, in addition to the extent of their connection to social customs and traditions and the extent of their presence in Arab culture through sources of Arab heritage such as dictionaries and language books, according to the function of these words in the oath sentence at its two levels: verbal and nominal in terms of their morphological nature.

The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, as it is suitable for monitoring this linguistic stylistic phenomenon with an accurate description, which helps to deconstruct and analyze those oath words in order to identify the effective reasons for the change in the relationships between the meaning of those words at the lexical and cultural levels.

The research concluded that swearing by God constitutes the highest and strongest form of affirmation, that swearing by cosmic phenomena stems from a reverence for the order of the universe and the foundation of life, and that context is the primary determinant of the oath's meaning and value.

The research recommended that those interested in the subject of oaths should examine the terms used in the Holy Quran and analyze their lexical significance based on the context of the revelation of the Quranic chapter or verse: a statistical and analytical study.

Assessing Land Suitability for Urban Expansion Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Case Study: Greater Irbid Municipality

Aseel Eldebais, Hussam Al-Bilbisi — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This study aims to assess the suitability of land for urban expansion in Greater Irbid Municipality and Bani Obaid Municipality using a methodology that combines geospatial techniques based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The study adopted a descriptive approach to achieve its objectives, collecting primary and secondary data from field, office, and electronic sources. The data were then analyzed using Hierarchy Process Analytical (AHP) through GIS technology.

The results of the spatial analysis were presented in a distribution map showing areas suitable and unsuitable for urban growth. The results for Greater Irbid Municipality indicated that the area of land suitable for urban growth is estimated at approximately 47.271 km², with the largest proportion located in the northern part towards Beit Ras and in the city center of Irbid. The study recommended focusing attention on the northern areas of Greater Irbid Municipality and encouraging investment in these areas, as they are suitable for urban expansion and have a low population density capable of accommodating new residents.

Jordanian Citizens’ Attitudes Toward Crimes Committed by Expatriates and their Impact on Community Security

Rakan Abu Hammour , Qablan Al-Majali — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The primary objective of the study was to examine Jordanian citizens’ attitudes toward crimes committed by expatriates and to assess their impact on the level of community security in Jordan.
A descriptive analytical method was employed, utilizing a social survey approach based on a sample. The participants
were selected using a convenience sampling technique, given the large size and geographical dispersion of the population
across the various governorates of the Kingdom. The final sample comprised (1,190) Jordanian citizens of both genders from different governorates. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were established, and the responses were subsequently coded and analyzed using SPSS.
The results indicated that Jordanian citizens’ overall attitudes toward crimes committed by expatriates were high. Attitudes associated with legal and security factors emerged as the most influential, followed by cultural and economic factors, while social factors were
rated at a moderate level. Respondents also demonstrated strong perceptions regarding the impact of such crimes on community security.
In addition, regression analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of citizens’ attitudes toward expatriate-related crimes across their various dimensions (cultural, social, economic, legal, and security) on community security, accounting for (%58.9) of the variance in its level.

The Influence of Arabic Grammar on Modern Linguistic Theories

Osama S. Al-Khazaaleh , Mahmoud Aldeeky — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This study offers a rigorous epistemological analysis of the impact of Arabic grammar on the formation and development of modern linguistic theories, including structural linguistics, transformational-generative theory, and pragmatics. It is grounded in a central hypothesis: Arabic grammar constitutes a profound, intellectual, philosophical, and methodological system that clearly contributed to the formulation of key concepts later adopted by modern linguistic schools, rather than being merely a set of rules for regulating speech.

The study adopts the descriptive-analytical method as well as the comparative method in order to investigate points of convergence and divergence between the Arabic grammatical tradition and contemporary linguistic theories. Among its most significant findings is the revelation of the epistemological and philosophical depth of Arabic grammar, along with its pioneering role in establishing fundamental concepts such as the notions of origin and branch the theory of governance, and linguistic competence/ natural linguistic intuition. These concepts later became foundational pillars of modern linguistic theories.

The study recommends a fair and critical rereading of the Arabic grammatical tradition one that reveals its epistemological originality and highlights its capacity for creative interaction with global linguistic theories.

The Deviant Qurʾānic Reading Between the Problem of Transmission and the Richness of Meaning: An Analytical Study in Grammatical, Rhetorical, and Semantic Orientation

Abeer Obaid Alshbeil — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This study addresses the Quranic readings classified as anomalous or non-canonical (shadh) in the heritage of Quranic sciences. This classification is primarily attributed to a defect in the chain of transmission (isnad) rather than the text (matn); whether due to an interruption in the chain of narrators, a challenge to a narrator's accuracy or integrity, or a solitary narrator contradicting the majority without corroborating evidence. The study seeks to prove that these readings, regardless of their legislative status in terms of ritual authority, possess linguistic, rhetorical, and semantic value that merits deep methodological investigation. The study adopts the descriptive-inductive approach as a pivotal tool for extracting selected examples of these readings and analyzing them syntactically, morphologically, semantically, and rhetorically. It concludes that the divergence caused by these readings generally does not lead to a contradiction with the continuously recurrent (mutawatir) reading; rather, it contributes to broadening its horizons and deepening its dimensions. Furthermore, these readings contain evidence of the flexibility of the Arabic language and its vast expressive capacity. Additionally, the study reveals a research gap in contemporary academic literature, represented by the absence of an independent compilation that gathers these readings and studies them from both the perspectives of documenting transmission chains and conducting semantic and rhetorical analysis.

The Role of Social and Psychological Pressures in Increasing Family Crime Rates from the Perspective of Employees in the Jordanian Family Protection Department

Ammar A. Al Ajarmeh, Zaid M. Alshamaila — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The study aimed to examine the role of social and psychological stressors in increasing rates of familial crime from the perspective of personnel working in the Jordanian Family Protection Department. The study adopted the sample social survey method by administering a questionnaire consisting of 30 items, equally distributed across the study variables: social stressors, psychological stressors, and the increase in familial crime rates, after verifying its validity and reliability. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 350 personnel working in the Jordanian Family Protection Department, selected using a purposive convenience sampling method.

The results revealed that the level of social and psychological pressures from the point of view of the employees of the Jordanian Family Protection Department was high, and that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of social and psychological pressures attributed to the variables of gender, marital status, and the workplace, and that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of social pressures attributed to the variable of cultural level, and that there were no significant differences in the level of psychological pressures attributed to the variable of cultural level, and that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of social pressures attributed to the variable. The differences between the averages were not statistically significant, and the existence of statistically significant differences in the level of psychological stress attributed to the age variable in favor of the age less than 30 years compared to the age of 30-40 years and more than 40 years, and the existence of the role of social pressures and psychological pressures in increasing the rates of family crime from the point of view of the employees of the Jordanian Family Protection Department.

The study recommended the necessity of launching specialized community awareness programs focusing on the concept of familial crime, its forms, early warning indicators, and its legal and social consequences, in a manner that contributes to enhancing community awareness and reducing violent behaviors within the family context.

The Origins and Qualifications of Judges: Judges of Bilad al-Sham during the Second Abbasid Era (247–334 AH / 861–946 CE)

Saif F. Al-Sarhan, Hussein F. Al-Kasasbeh — Wed, 04 Nov 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The judiciary in the Abbasid era received great attention due to its direct connection with the application of Islamic law, which is based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Consequently, appointing and dismissing judges became one of the primary responsibilities of the caliph, after this authority had previously been held by provincial governors. A judge could only assume office through an official decree issued by the caliph, known as the “judicial (letter of appointment),” which granted legitimacy to his authority and made the judiciary one of the main pillars of the state and a foundation of its stability. Judges were required to possess a high level of knowledge and broad cultural awareness, particularly in religious sciences such as jurisprudence (fiqh), the Qur’an and its sciences, and the Prophetic traditions (hadith), in addition to other forms of knowledge relevant to their duties. The scholarly ranks of judges varied; some were leading jurists, others were reliable scholars, and some were known for eloquence and clarity of expression. Others distinguished themselves in narration and historical reporting, reflecting the diversity and breadth of their intellectual backgrounds. However, judges were not equal in terms of precision and reliability. Some were involved in the study of hadith but did not reach the highest level of trustworthiness, indicating differences in their scholarly competence. In terms of origins, the judiciary was not restricted to a single group. While Arabs predominated during the Umayyad period, the Abbasid era witnessed broader participation that included both Arabs and non-Arabs (mawālī). This diversity was especially evident in Greater Syria (Bilad al-Sham), particularly during the second Abbasid period, where judges came from various backgrounds. Although many judges were Arabs from well-known scholarly families, non-Arabs and mawālī also played a significant role in holding judicial positions, reflecting the multicultural nature of the Abbasid state.